William c



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- Churn;

No. 82,446; Patented Sept. 22, 1868.

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N-FEI'ERS, PHOTO-UTHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D. e. V

WILLIAM 0. SMITH, or vANTIc, CONNEGIIICUT.

Letters Patent No. 82,446, drltcil September 22, 1868.

IMPROVEMENT IN GHURNS.

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To ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM C. SMITH, of Yantic, in the county of New London, in the State of Con necticut, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Churns; and I do hereby declare that thefollowing is a full and exact description thereof.

My invention relates. to the same general class of churns as that described in my patent, No. 66,646, dated July 9, 1867, and is designed to overcome an objection made by some to the construction therein described. In that construction, the movable pin-E, which locks the-gear-shaft G to the beater-shaft A, depends upena spring, which spring is found liable to failure from a variety of causes, some of which are incident to the use of springs generally, and others are, I believe, peculiar to the presence of lactic acidand the other elements affecting the operation, the cleaning, 860., of churns.

I have now succeeded in devising and in reducing to successful practice a mode of construction of this part of the mechanism, which is cheaper, and is, I believe, free from all objection.

I will proceed-to describe what I consider the best means of carrying out my invention. I The accompanying drawingsform apart of this specification, and represent the gearing-shaft and the locking-pin with a portion of ,the gear-wheel alone. The construction ofthe other parts of the churn and the relation of this mechanism thereto are'snificiently explained in my formerpatent.

I may say, in brief, that the gear-wheel D is driven by a mechanism operating by a-hand-c'rank or other motive-power, not represented, and that it, with: its shaft, 0, is mounted permanently in the churn, while the I beater-shaft must be liberated to-b eremoved and cleaned after each churning. The heater-shaft, it will also be understood, is exactly in line with the gear-shaft C, and forms, in effect, an extension thereof. 'It is forked to embrace the flattened adjacent end-of the gear-shaft C, and is perforated in the line of the axis to receive the locking-pin E. By withdrawing the locking-pin, the forked end of the'beater-shaft can be disengaged from the gear-shaft C and lifted out of the churn.

Figure l is 'a longitudinal section through ,the entire gear-shaft G and the centre portion of the gear-wheel.

Figure 2 is across-section on the line S S.

Figure Sis a cross-section on the line T. T in fig. 1.

Figure 4 iso. perspective view of the locking-end of the beater-shaft, with the looking-pin unlocked.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of the corresponding end of the locking-pin detached.

Similar letters of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.

The locking-pin E has a fiat head, E, with a parallel arm, E and an inward projection or lip, Ei eiztending from the side arm in the position represented. The corresponding end of the gear-shaft C is flattened, or a portion of one or both sides of the shaft is raised, as indicated by 171;, as represented, and is provided with a groove, 0, extending quite around. a

The length of the arm E and the'magnitude andposition of the lip E correspond with the' groove 0. Now, the extent of the flattening of the shaft C is such that the lip E may freely slide in and out when turned on one of the flat sides of the shaft C. In this position of the lip, the locking-pin E and its attachments may be drawn out or thrust in, as required. After it is thrust in to its fullestfextent, so as to lock with the. beater-shaft A, as indicated in fig. 1, it is turned one-fourth of a revolution, or thereabouts. This movement brings the lip E into the groove 0, and in this position the locking-pin E is firmly held against any tendency to move endwise. It will not release the beater-shaft A until the locking;pin is turned back a quarter of a revolution.

.Now, I find that without any extra care indelicately adjusting the friction, there is no difiiculty in confining and releasing the pin by these means, and that it forms a complete'and admirable fastening. There is, in fact,

required no piece additional to the locking-pin and the gear-shaft, as thus formed and adapted to each other.

When it is desired to clean the churn, it is simply necessary to turn the locking-pin about one-quarter of a revolution, so as to bring the lip E to coincide with one of the Hat sides of the gear-shaft C, and then to draw it forcibly endwisc.

When the heater-shaft is out of the churn, th-e locking-pin may-be again locked or secured in the shaft by the same means as before, to prevent its accidental loss.

To again adjust the'churn for use, the locking-pin is aga out, and after the shaft A is again in line, it is again thrust in and locked.

Though I have represented and described the fork on the end of the beater-shaft and. the Hat part which is embraced by the fork as being on the end of the gear-shaft C, it is obvious that these conditions can be reversed. I prefer, for some reasons, to reverse them and to make the fork on the end of the gear-shaft C and the flat part on the end of the beater-shaft A.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The groove 0 and recess m on the gear-shaft C, and the lip E and arm E on the locking-pin E, constructed and adapted forjoint operation relatively to each other, and to the beater-shaft A and to the gear-wheel D, as and for the purposes herein set forth.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my name,

in turned a quarter of a revolution, again drawn in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WM. 0. SMTTH.

Witnesses:

W. G. DEY, C. O. LIVINGS. 

